Jean victor henri besson



Sept. 10, 1929. J. v. H. BESSON 1,728,097

RADIATOR AND THE LIKE Filed April 2:, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Sept. 10,1929. v, BESSQN 1,728,097

RADIATOR AND THE LIKE Filed Afiril 23, 1928 2 sheets-sheet 2 PatentedSept. 10, 1929. Y 1,728,097

UNITED STATES PATENT DFFICE.

JEAN VICTOR HENRI BESSON, F BOURGES, FRANCE.

' RADIATOR AND THE LIKE.

Application .filed April'2 3, 1928,, Serial No. 272,152, and in FranceMay 3, 1927.

The present invention relates to a self-congitudinal sectional View of amodified form tained radiator with water circulation by of the same.

thermosiphon action, in which either elec- Figure 4 is a diagram showinga modificatricity, or gas, spirit, or hydrocarbons of tlon of theinvention In which the cells are 5 any kind are used as source of heat.y arranged This radiatoris mainly characterized in g re 5 s a det ldiagrammatic secthis that it consists of independent elements, View 9 am d Pollstructlom each. having theirown heating and circula- Flgure- 6 aSmall-a1 Vlew of the sflme on ti I a. plane at rlght angles to that ofF1gure 5. Q The radiator may be made of a series of t 7 shows anapparatus wlth Water vertical t bes connectin 'a lower tank con- 11taining th s: soiirce of heat, or directly heated T Water clrculateslnslde each tank by it, with an upper tank, the bottom of the guideddllected f Conducted y P r tanks being of such shape that a circulationmuons of 37 number; The of water is set up as a result of the difference9 the 831d p lons 1s approznmately in densitv from bottom to top in theCentre two thirds that of. the unit, and their lower tubes, and from topto bottom in the lateral edge y be shghfly befnt outwards tubes. orderto assist the water circulation (Fig.

In a simpler manner, each radiator unit i may consist of a flat cisternmade by joining In cases where but two partitions are made two metalplates at -their edges by a folded use they are arranged such a mannerseam by soldering these edges, inside of as to leave between them acentral passage 3 of at least equal Width to and in practice n 5311 2 255: 2132 321 32 preferably greater than, the added Widths of b 1 platesof the container. The arrangement of the lateral channels 4 left betweenthe said 7 the partitions inslde the tank is such that an i g gsg g gggfi g j g gz s gi ascendmg current 1s.pr0duced the Centre graduated asshown in Fig. 1, the central of the apparatus While descendmg currentpartitions bein hi her than those on the 30 passes down the sides. D

side. The clsterns or casings maybe placed one Owing to this arranement. and the source in front of the other or show in plan a radial ofheat located in i lowr centre of the arrangement" h gelleml formapparatus, an ascending current will be prousually b61115! clrcularduced in the centre channels 3 by the thermo- 35 In such Cases Wheree1ectI'1c1t-y 1S 153d as siphon principle, and a descending current insomce of heat, the heating y be regulated the lateral channels 4, sothat the water will y a handle and contacts so as to P f circulate in aclosed circuit as indicated by using a varying number of resistanceunits. th arrows i th d i The invention will be better understood by Ith v t f th lectri current being 40 efe ence to he accompanying r w gutilized, the resistances 5 are arranged hori showing by way of exampleseveral l rnfizontally and crosswise from one of the t veS in which itis ea d radiators to the other, and each resistance Figure 1 is a diagrmm ic, vertical. 10nis connected at one end to one of the leadsgitndinal, sectional view of a radiator conconveying the current and atthe other end 45 structed and arranged in accordance with my to acontact 6 over which passes a brush invention. operated by a handle inthe manner of a Figure 2 is a transvesre sectional view of rheost-at, soas to permit of engaging in the the same on the plane indicated by theline circuit 1, 2, 3, 4 resistances, etc. at will. IIII of Figure 1. Onthe first stop, when only one resistance 0 Figure 3 is a diagrammaticvertical lon isin aetiomthe radiator is heated gently and itstemperature will keep in the vicinity of degrees C. (in a room offifteen degrees), whereby the current consumption is a minimum.

On the last point, all resistances are in action and the water mayapproachboiling point. This is the starting-up position when it isdesired rapidly to raise the heater to the temperature required. Oncethis degree has been reached, the handle is turned back onto suchcontact as will give the degree of heat it is proposed to maintain.

On each stop may be marked the approximate degree of temperature ensuredby the radiator in continuous operation.

The resistances may be in the shape of blades,.of ,bars, orofcy-linders; they may be arranged indifferent manners on the walls orinside the container. The neutral wire, or earth lead,-may ber connectedto the body of the apparatus,- and :thus to one of .the resistances. Thetension wire is connected to the regulator, andthrough the latter to theinsulated stops corresponding. to the other ends of the resistances.This arrangement affords the possibility? of utilizing resistancesimmersed in the water direct, and thus of obtaining a higher-degree of'elliciency.

The heating. mayequally be ensured by a range of gas .burnersor byspirit burners, or by hydrocarbons of any kind.

Whereas, inathe event of heating vby -electric resistances 5, the bottom8 may be flat if heating is ensured by a range of burners 7, the bottommust. not-be flat, because-it would be licked by the flame overthe wholeof its" surface. and the current descending through the channels 4 wouldestablish itself with difiiculty.=- It. is, therefore, expedient to madeby joining-(Fig. 2) two, metal sheets of any kind 9, 10 (sheetlead, forexample aluminium) separated one from the other by an appropriatedistance (5 to v10 millimetres) and folded (and soldered it ,re-

' quired) at their edges 15.

The partitions 2 ensure the necessary distance between the said plates;they may be fixed simply by two rivets.

The Figure 2 shows a radiator-formed of several integral casin s 1placed one before the other and linked up by piecesof trade patterntubes of 2 to 3 cm. length. At the top, they may communicate by a singlepassage in the centre, or by two at the side as shown in Fig. 1.

The upper communication tubes 11, of small diameter, serve to conductthe steam and the gases; they may "contain a metal stay to give firmnessto the whole structure.

They can be replaced by a tube situated at the upper, lateral part ofthe radiator and connected to each element.

The'lower tube 12 is of ampler 'proportions in order to accommodate, ifrequired, electric resistances 5 (alternative of an electric radiator).or offer suflicient surface to the flame. It appears to be preferable togive this'lower passage a. semi-circular or triangular-shape. V t

In the event of an electric radiator (Fig. 2) a threaded bronze ring'16is solderedon to the front of the first easing 1, and on this is screweda cap 17, to whichare' fixed the resistances. The axis 18 of the supportholding the resistances Sinay be lodged in a centrepiece 19 fixed to-theexternal of thelast element 1.

Above this radiator, and a little outside the first casing 1,-anexpansion chamber 13 plate is provided formed by two hemispheresscrewed or the likethe one to the other, whereby the lowerhalfmayat thesame time be used as a funnel for filling up. 'A piece of t'ubingll,preferably bent slightly upwards (forfilling under pressure) is joinedto the. upper half; an alarm whistle may be fitted to it through whichthe steam must escape and which will thus prevent any possibility'ofinternal pressure and, consequently, all-danger of explosion.

As soon as the steam reaches a certain pressure, a penetrating alarmwill notify that it is time to reduce the heating. The said alarmwhistle is likewise able to warn against a shortage of water, or againsta fault in the water circulation, if it is heard without the heatingbeing full on.

Thus the air is moistened without excess to obtain agreeable and healthyheating.

' In practice, the water is not heated above to degrees C., and adequatecondensation is ensured by placing the vessel 13 outside the current ofhot air rising around the walls of the first casing 1*, but to thecontrary, within the current of non-heated air carried along by thecurrent of hot air, thus facilitating condensation.

. Instead of a condensation bulb 13, a'sinall expansion chamber 21 (Fig.7) may be sisted therein by the current of cold air which rises to beheated in contact with radiator. The water, thus distilled, is collectedin a dripping dish 24 and may thus be filled in the radiator. Thecondensing pipe may be placed, as the sphere of condensation, at theupper and lateral part. lVater condensed therein descends again into theradiator.

Filling of the latter is in such case performed through a stopper 25analogous to those of the automobile radiators, and situated below thebeginning of tube 22.

Where heating is ensured by a range 7 or single burners, the coil 23,situated below the said burner is separated from it, in order to screenit from the heat radiated, by a perforated grate or strip 26 whichallows the air to pass.

In order not to impede the expansion of steam-and gases in each integralunit 1, care should be taken that the water level does not rise abovethe upper communicating tubes 11. There is also provided, somewhat belowthese tubes, either on one of the sides or the froht of the firstelement 1 (Fig. 2) a small drain plug 20, which is only opened whenfillin up, to show whenthe water has reached the proper level. I

In order to permit a series manufacture it is preferable to constitutethe partitions of the casing, not in the way of walls fixed thereto byrivets but by forming grooves in a certain height of each of the plates9, 10, the bottoms of these grooves 33 being brought together by meansof rivets 34 or the like. Such grooves-partitions increase the firmnessand the reliability of the plates of the casing. The rivets 34 areadvantageously constituted (Fig. 5) so as to present eyes for thepassage of tightening rods 35 or the like traversing the stay-sleeves35, of appropriate length and keeping two neighbouring elements at achosen distance For such fitting the elements, whose number variesaccording to the requirements, are instantaneously interchangeable incase of deterioration of one of them.

The standard element can be manufactured with aid of a die pressing atone time:

(a) the two groove-partitions 33, the rivets 3at-being mounted at theextremities of these parts;

(/2) the borders destined to be either hooked on as shown in 15 orsoldered as incheated at 15;

(c) the two central communication orifices (the upper can be keptsmaller) and around these two orifices 11, 12 two feeble annular basins36 destines to receive a metal piece 37 impeding the flattening of thecasing during assembling destined to secure a tight joint (Fig. 6).

At the level of the orifices of communicastay-sleeves 35' placed at theextremities of the partitions 33 suffice to assure perfect rigidity.Resistances 5 may be fixed on threaded rods 18 and redrawn therewith incase of need, independently ofthe assembled casings. Tightness issecured with aid of nuts on the extremities of the threaded rod 18.

In certain cases it may be advantageous to add in a tank or casingcontaining two partitions 2 (or suchby grooves 33) of the kind asrepresented in Fig. 1, a medium partition 2 so as to divide the easinginto two half casings 1', possessing one partition 2 only (or onedivision 33) engendering a water circulation by thermosiphon waterascending at 3 and descending at 4.

W'ith the aid of these half-casings radiators can be erected, presentinga general circular or half-circular form by adopting a radialarrangement of the elements, as indicated in'Figs. 3 and 4,.thehalf-casings having their faces either arched or bent as shown at 1"(Fig. 4).

In a radiator forming a complete star numerous bent elementsfacilitating (for example for its ignition) the access to the burner 7of circular or other form the burn er 7 is in contact or not with theinternal edge 8 of the half-casings; the circular form is particularlyadvantageous for the heating of the gas essence.

Each half-casing 1 possesses its heating flame (or its resistance,)according to the case.

The -communication of the casings be tween themselves may be establishedat the upper part as in the foregoing case by means of communicationtubes 11 bent suitablyand connecting each element to the expansionchamber or by a central upper communication; at the lower endcommunication tubes 12 (containing eventually the resistances 5) mayeffect the form of a torus, complete, as in Fig. 4, so as to haveneither a firstnor a last element.

All tubes establishing the lower communication 12 may be, as shown inFig. 3, replaced by a single sheet metal body 12, round or otherwiseshaped and presenting at its upper part radial saw-cuts for theadaptation of the lower properly cut ends or bottoms of thehalf-casings, water rising across the said saw-cuts.

This body forms hence a boiler, containing eventually the electricresistances.

According to a modified form of the sub ject-matter of the invention theradiator may consist, instead of the fiat casings 1 with innerpartitions 2 forming channels for the ascending and descending current,of vertical water tubes 3', 4 (Fig. 7) connecting a lower reservoir 28containing the source of heat (electric resistances) or licked by theheat (range 7), to an upper reservoir 29 the bottoms 30, 31 being formedin such manner that water circulates owing to difi'erence of densities,from bottom to top in central tubes 3 and from top to the bottom in thelateral tubes 4, owing to the stepping of these tubes (steppedpartitions 2), and to the effect of thermosiphon.

In this manner, tubes 3' are provided at the central upper part of thecurved bottom 30, hot water rising through them to the summit of theconvex bottom 31, whereas laterally tubes 4 are provided on the inclinedbottom 4, cooled water descending through these tubes in order to getwarm by the contact with the heat. source, which. is constituted, as'said, either by electric resistances or by burners 7 and the heatedwall 8.

Fig. 7 shows the principle of such apparatus containing eight tubes.

Owing to the absence of interior pressure, the radiator can be built upby elements of a very feeble thickness and of any metal. This apparatussecures a very reduced encumberment and weight and very great heatingsurface.

Hence the invention permits the establishment of light and smallapparatus procurin; a healthy and very clean heating without any dangerwhatsoever.

In order to avoid filling up with water and all steam emission into thecompartment, a single expansion basin or the like may be provided,communicating at will with one or several radiators utilized in the sameapartment.

For this purpose, in each compartment a canalization is provided, havinga feeble diameter and leading to the said expansion body.

The ca-nalization may terminate by a cock (similar, for example, to thegas cocks) and the connection with the radiator may be established by ashort piece of a tube of india rubber directed obliquely upwardly. It ispossible to provide several cocks in the same apartment, for a radiatoror'radiators.

Since it is of interest to have light, portable radiators with walls offeeble resistance. the expansion basin or vessel for these radiatorsought to be arranged at a distance therefrom, not surpassing one to twometers.

The same devices may be utilized for heating of railway carriages; it isfor example possible to arrange radiators having a rectangular sectionbelow the seats and to pro vide at their upper parts or borders thecommunication tubes staying the radiators connected to an expansionvessel situated for example in the W. C. of the car. The necessarycurrent is derived either from the line (electric traction) or from adynamo driven durin run (like the light-dynamo) or by a turbo-dynamoplaced on the locomotive. Not only'the heating of the car but also theheating of each compartment may be regulated by the travellersthemselves.

In order to heat the train at stays, it will suiliee to provide wallplugs in stations and on shunt-lines, said wallplugs deriving thecurrent from the substation or the like. Hence, the apparatus will workat stays as well as during run, independently of the kind of tractionemployed.

Finally, in order to couple the apparatus with a radiator with wings, ofthe usual kind, hot water is led off at the upper part of the apparatusaccording to the invention,

while the back flow is established at its lower part' In such manner thepresent radiator can play the role of a boiler in central heatingplants.

The radiator can also have the form of a simple water kettle or of afoot-warmer containing the resistances at their lower parts. The kettleor the like may be connected to the expansion vessel of the car (train,tramway and so on).

What I claim is 1. In a radiator, bodies to contain water, bottom partsfor said bodies, raised in their central parts and stepped downwardlywith their lateral parts, channels in said bodies following with theirlower extremities the outlines of said bottom parts to ensure a watercirculation due to thermosiphon action in said bodies, heating sourcesfor said bodies, to heat their central water columns, and .means tointerconnect said bodies and to advertise abnormal working conditions.

2. In a radiator, bodies to contain water, vertically grooved parts insaid bodies, in their opposite vertical walls, to form partitions insaid bodies, means to connect to each other said grooved parts, steppedbottoms for said bodies. means to heat their water, means to permit theexpansion of water, and means to advertise abnormal working conditions.

3. In a radiator, bodies to contain water, vertical stepped parts in thevertical opposite walls of said bodies, to form partitions in saidbodies, tubular rivets to the opposite stepped parts, stay-sleevesbetween the parallelly placed bodies, tightening rods passing throughsaid stay-sleeves and said hollow rivets, to assemble the bodies, meansto heat the central water column in each lOO body, communication meansbetween the bodies, means to permit expansion of water and means tosignalize all abnormal Working conditions.

4, Circulation radiator for water of the type described, comprising aseries of elements formed by vertical conduits connecting two chambers,an upper and a lower, the conduits having substantially the same lengthand being stepped and connecting the bottom parts of the chamber inopposition to each other, said conduits being curved towards the top ina regular fashion and being extended so that the water heated in thelower chamber through a suitable source of heat, travels on the extendedinclined walls of the top of the lower chamber when it rises to arriveat the central conduits of higher location, while in the upper chamberthe cooled water flows downward on the inclined walls to arrive at thelateral conduits which are located farther down.

5. Radiator for water circulation as set forth in claim 4, in which eachradiator element is formed by the assembly of two thin metallic platesjoined together at their margins to form a very flat tight casing in theinterior of which vertical partition walls or batlles direct thecirculation of the wall.

6. Radiator for water circulation as set forth in claim 4, in which eachradiator element is formed of thin metallic plates joined at their edgesto form a tight and very tlat casing, said casing being connected toeach other at the bottom and at the top by condnits, the upper conduitsfurnishing a passage for the vapor and gases while the lower conduit,having a greater cross section, contains a source of heat if necessary.

7. Radiator for water circulation to be used in connection with acondensing apparatus, or expansion receptacle, the elements of which areself-contained and have heating and circulating means of their own,characterized in this that in each element formed of metallic thinplates united to present a flat, tight casing, the upper and lowerchamber of each casing are connected by vertical conduits ofsubstantially the same length and stepped in such manner that the waterheated in the lower chamber of the casing by some suitable source ofheat travels along the slanted extending parts of the top of the lowerchamber to arrive in an ascending movement at the central conduits ofhigher location, while in the upper chamber, the cooled water travelsdownward on the slanting walls to arrive at the lateral conduits oflower location and comprising a condensing chamber placed slightlyoutside the upper part of the first casing beyond the current of heatedair which rises and placed about this casing and contrasting therewith,the cooler current of air taken along by the same travels in the saidchamber being formed of the assembly of two shells, the inner spacewhereof serves for filling and the upper whereof carries the pipe forthe escape of the vapors.

8. A radiator for water circulation as claimed in claim 7, in which theelements have an odd number of cells and the central cell is extendedfor dividing the casing in two hall portions.

9. Circulating water radiator as set forth in claim 7, in which severalhalf casings are radially disposed to provide an apparatus of generallycylindrical form, certain of the casings having their faces arched tofacilitate access to a circular burner.

In witness whereof I aflix my signature.

JEAN VICTOR HENRI BESSON.

